Furnace



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

" .T. E. MARTIN.

FURNACE.

N0. 484,600. i Patented 00t- 18, l892.

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(.No Model.) 7' 2 S heets She'et 2. 'T. E. MARTIN.

FURNACE. No. 484,600. Patented Oct. 18, 1892. I

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PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS E. MARTIN, OF DES MOINES, IOWA.

FU RNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,600, dated. October 18, 1892.

Application filed February 12, 1892 7 serial No. 421,333. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS E. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Des Moines, in the county of Polk and State of Iowa, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My object is to prevent the waste of valuable products of combustion in a furnace and the annoyances incident to the escape of gases, black smoke, and soot, and to utilize within a furnace to generate heat all the valuable products of combustion liberated from fuel by means of fire.

I-leretofore air-conveying tubes and superheatiug chambers, grates, bridge-walls, and deflectors have been constructed, arranged, and combined within a furnace in various ways to promote combustion. A chamber for the reception of clinkers and a deflector over the top of such a chamber have been located between the rear end of a grate and a bridgewall and arranged and combined in such a manner that the products of combustion passing rearward from the grate were deflected downward below the level of the fuel into the top of the chamber in rear of the grate and from thence upward against the bottom of the boiler before passing rearward over the bridge-wall.

To avoid the expense and use of air-conveying tubes and superheating chambers and the necessity of a chamber for clinkers and a direct upward direction of the products of combustion against the bottom of a boiler to damage it by concentrating heat thereon at a given point, and to increase the maximum of heat obtainable from a given quantity of coal, I have invented an improved furnace, in which the novelty consists in the arrangement and combination of a grate, a fire-pot, a bridge-wall, and a deflector, as hereinafter set forth, in such a manner that a continuous line of fuel and fire can be maintained on a level plane extending over the grate and also over the fire-pot, and in which the unconsumed gases generated by the burning fuel upon the grate, after having been oxygenated in the mixing-chamber between the front wall of the furnace and the deflector, are then deflected by the upper bridge-wall and thrown down upon the coked fuel in the fire-pot and are there consumed, thus utilizing all that is valuable therein to produce heat, and theproducts of combustion passed out over the lower bridge-wall free from smoke and soot.

Figure 1 is'a vertical and longitudinal sectional view of a boiler-furnace, showing the construction and relative positions of the different parts. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of Fig. 1, obtained by looking rearward from the line a: m in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a modification of Fig. 1, showing a roof extending forward over the combustion-chamber and grate in place of a boiler. Fig. 1s a transverse sectional view through the line 2 z of Fig. 3.

A represents the front wall of a four-sided furnace; B and B the parallel side walls, and O the rear wall.

D is a grate extending rearward from the front wall to a fuel-chamber or fire-pot F, located in the rear of the grate and in front of the bride-wall H. The bridge-wall has a Wide top surface, that is preferably higher at its rear edge than its front edge and above the horizontal plane of the grate, so that the firepot may be filled above the level of the grate. The bridge-wall H, in combination with the side walls B and B and a wall D under the rear end of the grate, produces the fire pot F. The wall D consists of a metal plate, that has a flange at its bottom and rear edge adapted to support a fire-brick lining on 1ts rear side. The ends of the plate extend into and are supported by the parallel side walls B and B A hinged door D at the lower edge of the wall D allows communication with the bottom of the fire-pot, as required, to admit air to the fuel and remove ashes whenever desired. The fire-pot thus constructed has no grate therein, but a closed bottom. By this constructiona fire-pot having a closed bottom is produced in rear of the grate in such a manner that fuel in the fire-pot will be subjected to the action of the products of combustion that pass rearward over the top of the fire-pot, as hereinafter set forth.

J is an inverted bridgewall extending over the fire-pot and bridge-wall H, preferably made of fire-brick and arched in such a manner as to produce, in combination with the top of the bridge-wall H, a contracted throat and passage-way for the products of combustlon that pass rearward from the fire on the grate and in the fuel-chamber or fire-pot F. The combustion-chamber over the grate is closed at its top and rear end by means of the boiler and the inverted bridge-wall T, as shown in Fig. 1, or as shown in Fig. 3, in such a manner that the products of combustlon generated by burning fuel on the grate must pass rearward over the fire-pot F, and through the contracted passage or throat that extends over the top of the bridge-wall H and into a chamber in rear of the bridgewall toward an escape flue or chimney. A door in the front wall allows fuel to be placed on the grate and into the fuel-chamber or fire-pot in the rear of the grate.

It s obvious that by my novel arrangement and combination of a fire-pothavinga closed bottom with a grate, a bridge-wall, and a deflector fuel placed on the grate and filled 1n the fire-pot can have a level top surface extending over the grate and fire-pot to the bridge-wall in rear of the fire-pot, as required to produce acontim ous line of fire from the a front of the grate to the bridge-'wall,and thus secure better results in obtaining head from 1 a given quantity of fuel, in that there will be t more complete combustion and no black smoke or soot; but all particles of carbon 0i carbonaceous gases liberated from the fuel 1 W111 be consumed and utilized to produce heat.

In the practical operation of my invention when fuel is placed in the fuel-chamber orfirepot F and on the grate and'fire started in both places the products of combustion rising from the burning fuel will expand in the space above the fuel, and air admitted through the: door or openings in the front wall will mingle with the gases to promote combustion .of all the gases and particles of carbon liberated from the fuel, and the narrow passage or. throat that allows communication between thespace inf-rout of the bridge-wall and an .escape fine or chimney will aid in retaining the particles of carbon and valuableproducts.

of combustion immediately over the burning fuel and within the combustion chamber or space in front of the bridge-wall H until they are totally consumed, as required to aid in generating heat and preventing the escape of black smoke and soot andthe waste of such Valuable products of combustion. This result is due to the fire-pot having aclosed bottom and its position relative to the grate and bridge-wall and the upper bridge-wall or deflector in the fire-box above the fire-pot. By means of the fire-pot the. grate-surface is shortened and the draft upward through the fuel is thrown forward and increased in the front of the fire, thereby causing more rapid distillation of gases in the front part of the fire-box. Whenthe door in the front wall of the fire-potis closed and the draft through it checked, a large body of live glowing coals is steadily maintained in the firepot, (without producing clinkers,) upon and over the surface of which theu consumed gases from the fuel on the grate in front of the fire-pot are e e e and comp essed b the ted bridge-wall J, and the process of combustion is complete.

I claim as my i-nvention In a furnace, a grate extending rearward from the front wall between the side walls, a wall extending down-ward at the rear end of the grate'and provided with a door atits bottom portion, ,a'floor extending rearward from said wall at the rear of the grate, adapted to serve as the closed bottom of a fire-pot, and a bridge-wall at the rear of ,said closed bottom, and an inverted bridge-wall or deflector above the two transverse walls, all constructed and arranged d. comb e an adap ed i a tain a continuous fireextending ina horizon- .tal plane below the deflector and also below the top of thebridgeewall ito the bridgerwall, in the mannerset forthjorthe purposes stated.

THOMAS E. MARTIN. 

